Pakihi Māori: he wāhanga nui i roto i te ōhanga o Aotearoa

Ahakoa he hītori poto noa, whakamamae hoki, kua ara mai ngā pakihi Māori mai i te pōuriuri ki te māramatanga kia tū rangatira i Aotearoa me tāwāhi. 

"He tino uaua te mahi i waenga i ngā iwi, ā, me mahi tika” - Cross

Nō reira, i pēhea nei tā rātau eke ki ngā taumata, ā, he aha ngā akoranga kua puta i ngā tāngata whenua o Aotearoa?

Koinei te wā e ara ai ki runga

E kī ana te Upoko o Ngā Hononga Māori o ANZ, a David Harrison, i muri i ngā tau maha o te whakatōpū me te whakahou haere, he tino nui ngā rawa a Māori i roto i ngā ahumahi matua o Aotearoa, me te aha kei te tipu haere ēnei rawa.

He $50 piriona te wāriu o ngā rawa o te ōhanga Māori i tēnei wā, ā, tata ki te 6 ōrau tēnei o te puna rawa tapeke o Aotearoa, ka mutu e whakaata ana i tētahi wāhanga o te ōhanga whānui o Aotearoa e tere ana te tipu haere.

"Ko te nuinga o ngā haumitanga Māori mai rā anō i whāiti ki ngā ahumahi matua pērā i te mahi pāmu, ngahere me ngā mahi hī ika. Ahakoa kei te kaha tonu ngā here ki ēnei ahumahi kei te whakakaha tonu te Māori i tōna whai wāhitanga ki ētahi atu rāngai. Hei tauira, he nui ngā haumitanga o nā noa nei ki roto i ngā mahi tāpoi, ahumāra me ngā whare ōhanga, ā, he mea whakaongaonga mō ngā iwi."

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Ko te hoko mai a Ngai Tukairangi i te uru rākau 60 heketea i waho mai o tōna ake rohe i te tau 2017 tētahi o ngā haumitanga tino nui rawa a te Māori i taua tau. 

"He whai wāhitanga whakaongaonga te whakaritenga whakaharahara mō Ngāi Tukairangi," te kī a Harrison.  “Mai i ngā wā o te iti o ngā awa, kua puta rātau hei whakaihuwaka i roto i te rāngai huakiwi.

"He tino itiiti ngā whai wāhitanga hei huarua i tō nui me te whakarahi ake me te whakawhānui ake, ā, ka nanaotia atu e Ngāi Tukairangi tēnei whai wāhitanga, ka whakaū i tō rātau mana ārahi i roto i te rāngai huakiwi, me te whakawhānui atu i tō rātau āhua."

Ko te whakaaro mō tēnei hapū nō te rohe o Toi Moana a Toi kua ara ake ko rātau ngā manukura ināianei, ka mutu ka noho hei tauira mō ngā pakihi Māori me te whakapono o te kaitiaki o Ngāi Tukairangi he wā whakahirahira tēnei hokotanga mō te hapū.

"Kua roa mātau e noho hei manukura i roto i te rāngai huakiwi, ā, e pūmau tonu ana tō mātau paihere wā roa ki te rāngai ahakoa ngā uauatanga i pā ki te rāngai.  I whakairohia e mātau he rautaki e riro mai anō i a mātau he whenua anō nō reira i tipu mai tēnei hokotanga i reira," te kī a Te Kani.

"Ko te mea nui rawa ka āwhina tēnei uru rākau 60 heketea kia tipu ai tō mātau kaha kia toitū tā mātau whakarato i ngā painga ki ngā ariki whenua onāianei, ā muri ake hoki.

Nā te hoko mai i te uru rākau i Te Matau-a-Māui i neke a Ngāi Tukairangi ki waho o tō rātau ake rohe, ā, ka whakauru atu ki te rohe o Ngāti Kahungungu, he tuatahi tēnei mō rātau. 

He tino uaua te mahi i waenga i ngā iwi, ā, me tika ngā mahi, te kī a te Heamana o Ngāi Tukairangi a Rātahi Cross. 

"I whakahaerehia he pōhiri kia tino mōhio ai mātau kei te ū mātau ki ngā tikanga o te hapū o te rohe, ka mutu kia kaua e takahia e mātau ngā tikanga. E mōhio ana mātau ahakoa nō mātau tēnei whenua ināianei – i hokona mai e mātau – ko tō rātau tūrangawaewae tāukiuki, he nui te mana o tēnei whenua ki a rātau," te kī a Cross.

I whakamihi te rangatira o Ngāti Kahungungu  a Ngāhiwi Tomoana ki tēnei hokotanga, ka mutu he take whakaū anō i ngā taura here whakapapa me te whakarite i ngā whai wāhitanga ki te haumi ngātahi a te Māori tētahi ki tētahi.

Ko ētahi tauira ko te whakakotahitanga o te Port Nicholson Fisheries me Aotearoa Fisheries , Kaingaroa Timberlands me Te Puia Tapapa.

Waihoki, he wāhanga nui tō te Māori ki roto i te rāngai tāpoi ka mutu kei te nui haere tonu tō rātau whai wāhi ki ngā rāngai hangarau me te āhua noho.

Ko Hōhepa Tuahine rāua ko Kristin Ross ngā kaihanga o ngā keretao kōrero reo Māori tuatahi o te ao mā ngā tamariki, Pipi Mā.

I te tau 2016, he tuatahitanga i te ao, i whakarewahia e rāua a Pipi Mā – ko ngā taonga tuatahi ko te kohinga Kōrero. I pau katoa ngā keretao te hoko atu i roto i te 36 haora.

He iwi anga whakamua

Kei te puta he tauira pakihi ki te ao, he whakahiato mai i te kaupapa mahi moni me te toitūtanga wā roa i te taha o te manaaki i te iwi me te taiao.

E kīia ana a Harrison koinei te kaupapa Māori tūturu ki te pakihi me ngā mātāpono kaha, hōhonu o te kaitiakitanga me te manaakitanga.

"Kei te puta tonu i ngā iwi he tipuranga rawa more i ia tau me ngā hua nui engari he mahi uaua tā ngā tumuaki o ngā rawa ōhanga ā-iwi. I hangaia e mātau te pūrongo Te Tirohanga Whānui hei āwhina," te kī a Harrison.

Ka whakarato Te Tirohanga Whānui, nā ANZ i tito, i ngā inenga mā ngā iwi/hapū kia taea e rātau anō tā rātau rautaki pakihi te arotake. Kei roto i te pūrongo 2018 ko ngā mōhiohio pūtea matatapu i tukuna mai e ngā iwi/hapū 34 me ngā rawa tōpū o te $NZ5.4 piriona. 

"He nui ngā taumahatanga kei runga i ngā iwi huri noa ki te whakanui ake i ngā hua me ngā tohanga, e ahu mai ana i te tipu haere o ngā iwi e kaikā ana ki te kite i ngā hua o ngā whakataunga tiriti. E ātete ana i tēnei ko te kawenga nui a ngā iwi me ngā hapū hei kaitiaki, i te nuinga o te wā ka puta ngā uauatanga o te whakataurite i te mōrea me ngā hua.

"Nā te whai i ngā rawa nui me ngā rautaki pakihi hei whakaaroaro kei te rapu tohutohu ngā iwi ināianei ki te āwhina i a rātau kia puta ai ngā whakataunga anamata me te kōkiri i ngā matapakitanga haumitanga."

E kīia ana a Harrison he tino whaitake te pūrongo ā-tau ki ngā iwi ina whakaputa ana i te āhua o ngā mahi a te iwi e ai ki ētahi atu iwi.

"Ka mahi tahi tonu mātau me ngā iwi i a rātau e mahi ana ki te waihanga me te whakatinana i ā rātau rautaki haumitanga. Kua kite tātau i ngā haumitanga maha o nā noa nei ki roto i ngā mahi tāpoi, ahumāra me ngā whare ōhanga, ā, he mea whakaongaonga mō ngā iwi," tana kī.

Nā te puāwai o ngā pakihi, kua tātata ngā iwi ki tētahi taumata whakaongaonga, me te para i tētahi huarahi whakahihiri, e kī ana a Harrison e pūmau ana ia ki te mahi tahi me rātau ki te āwhina ki te whakahaere i ngā haumitanga, te tuku tohutohu me te kōkiri i ngā matapakitanga haumitanga rautaki mā te tirohanga kaitiaki pūmau. 

Te Tiriti

I te mea ko te Māori te 'iwi taketake' o Aotearoa, he tūranga whai mana tēnei i roto i te wāhanga ahurea o te motu e whakatinana ana i tētahi tūranga tūāpapa i roto i te iwi o Aotearoa me tētahi wāhanga hira i roto i te ōhanga.

I waenga i te 1840 me te 1930, i heke ngā whenua o ngā Māori mai i te 100 ōrau i Aotearoa ki te rima ōrau anake. Kua kīia he apo tēnei, ā, kāore i whakamanahia ngā motika o te Māori i raro i te Tiriti o Waitangi. E kīia ana tēnei he mahi nanakia tēnei, ka mutu i ngoikore te Karauna ki te tiaki i ngā motika a te Māori i raro i te Tiriti o Waitangi.

Nā te tahuri ki te whakatika i ngā hē, ka whakatūhia Te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi i te tau 1975. Ko te kaupapa he whakarongo ki ngā kerēme takahi i te Tiriti, me te tuku rongoā.

I whakatauhia te whakataunga Tiriti tuatahi i raro i Te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi i te tau 1989 mō te wāhi tūruhi hira o Waikato, Ngā Ana o Waitomo.

Mai i tēnei whakataunga tuatahi, neke atu i te 2500 ngā kerēme kua rēhitatia e Te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi. Ko te nuinga o ngā rongoā he whakapāha mai i te Karauna, he puretumu ahurea me te pūtea, me te whakahoki i ētahi whenua iti noa i murua hētia, ina taea.

Kua tātata haere ki te whakaotinga o te tukanga whakataunga, ā, e kīia ana tēnei wā ko te 'wā i muri i te whakataunga'.

He kaituhi bluenotes a Siobhan Enright